Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm to Optimal Cluster Head by Using Biogeography Based Optimization

Wireless sensor network consist of hundred to thousand of sensor nodes with limited energy capacity. It is generally difficult to recharge or replace these sensor nodes. Energy efficiency is thus a primary issue to maintain a wireless network. The problem of energy depletion of nodes is common for all data collection scenarios in which cluster head have a heavy burden of gathering and relaying information. In this paper we propose an energy efficient clustering algorithm “Distributed energy efficient clustering biogeography based optimization algorithm” to elect optimal cluster head based on highest residual energy and appropriate packet forwarding to the sink with respect to sensor nodes. This algorithm gives the better simulation results in comparison to DEEC algorithm.